Changing China
Giant on the move
from MacroScope:
The iPod – the iCon of Chinese capitalism
Walking past Apple's sleek shop along London's Regent Street on Sunday, my wife asked me what I wanted for Father's Day.
"An iPad?" I ventured, half-jokingly.
"Are you sure you want one? Don't you care how they're made?" came her disapproving reply.
She was, of course, referring to the rash of suicides among Chinese workers at Foxconn, the Taiwanese manufacturer of Apple's much desired iPads and iPhones.
The deaths prompted the company to raise salaries and cut working hours but lingering concerns over conditions for its over 1 million workers in China were underscored by a plant explosion last month that killed at least 3 people.
Workers like those who live and work in Foxconn's sprawling Chinese facilities have long been the backbone of the country's vast manufacturing sector which churns out a torrent of consumer goods for export.
But the recent labour unrest that has erupted in parts of China suggests that this low-cost export-fuelled growth model may be wheezing towards its expiry date.
from MacroScope:
Spend Save Man Woman
Far from being lauded as a virtue, China's high savings rate has been blamed for the economic imbalances underlying the global financial crisis. The criticism being that the Chinese spend too little and rely too much on exporting to Western consumers.
The IMF and World Bank have long called for Beijing to ramp up social spending so its citizens will feel less need to save for a rainy day and instead consume more.
But in their intriguingly named paper, 'A Sexually Unbalanced Model of Current Account Imbalances', New York-based researchers Du Qingyuan and Wei Shang-Jin suggest China's gender imbalance could also be a significant factor in the persistence of its high savings rate.
The pair argue that intensifying competition in the Chinese marriage market is causing men -- or indeed parents with sons -- to raise their savings rates to improve their relative allure among a shrinking pool of potential brides.
A draconian one-child policy, coupled with a traditional preference for male offspring and the availability of selective-sex abortion, has left the country of 1.3 billion facing its most serious demographic crisis.
An estimated 119 boys are born per 100 girls and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has warned that this could leave more than 24 million Chinese men of marrying age without spouses by 2020.
This anxiety over the worsening marriage prospects for men could explain why Chinese household savings as a share of disposable income has risen from 16 percent in 1990 to 30 percent in 2007.
Thank you for your comment.
Apple is working with Foxconn to prevent more worker suicides, including auditing the Chinese plants of its supplier to ensure conditions comply with its standards.
The point of my blog is that the iPod is an interesting prism through which to view China’ economy and gauge its shift in emphasis from manufacturing and exports to domestic consumption.
At first glance, the iPod encapsulates China’s manufacturing prowess. It is able to assemble very sophisticated products at a cost that is low enough to attract global companies. So much so that these Made-in-China iPods and iPad contribute to the trade surplus in China’s favour against the U.S.
But a closer examination of the iPod story also reveals the limitations of the Chinese model. The country remains far behind in innovation and doesn’t own the intellectual property behind many of the products it exports.
A University of California study, for instance, found that the iPod accounted for almost 41,000 jobs worldwide in 2006, of which only 30 jobs were in manufacturing in the US.
But more than two thirds of all the wages paid to workers in the iPod value chain were estimated to have been paid to US workers.