Three snapshots for Thursday
The Bundesbank is preparing to stomach higher German inflation than it likes, above the European Central Bank’s target level, because of the euro zone crisis, a source at the central bank said on Thursday.
Although the Bundesbank still wants stable prices across the euro zone, its latest comments show the bank recognises that upward pressure on German wage costs and property prices suggest its inflation is likely to rise above the bloc’s average.
As this chart shows, historically the Bundesbank was quick to react to any signs of inflation:
The Bank of England voted on Thursday not to give the struggling economy another injection of cash as concerns over stubbornly high inflation outweighed the risk of a prolonged recession.
The number of Americans submitting new applications for jobless benefits edged down last week, easing concerns the labor market was deteriorating after April’s weak employment growth.
Research Radar: “State lite”?
The FOMC’s relatively anodyne conclusions left world markets with little new to chew on Thursday, with some poor European banking results for Q1 probably get more attention. Broadly, world stocks were a touch higher while the dollar and US Treasury yields were slightly lower. European bank stocks fell 2% and dragged down European indices. Euro sovereign yields were slightly higher, with markets eyeing Friday’s Italian bond auction. Volatility gauges were a touch lower and crude oil prices nudged up.
Following is a selection of some of the day’s interesting research snippets:
- Deutsche Bank’s emerging markets strategists John Paul Smith and Mehmet Beceren said they retain their negative bias toward global emerging market equities both in absolute and relative terms, highlighting Argentina’s expropriation of YPF from Repsol as another negative. “We anticipate that so-called state capitalism will continue to be a negative driver, as it has been since mid-2010, since the poor economic backdrop makes the corporate sector a tempting target for governments wishing to boost their popularity or find additional resources to add to the relatively low levels of social protection across most emerging economies.” They added that they remain overweight “state lite” emerging markets such as Taiwan, Mexico and Turkey and underweight Russia, China, Brazil and South Korea.
- Morgan Stanley’s James Lord thinks the rally in Hungary’s markets following Tuesday’s decision by the EU to reopen negotiations on financial assistance is justified but much may now be in the price. He said MS would prefer to wait for some pullback before looking for more bullish trades. On a relative basis, Hungary 5-year CDS is now 60bp wider than Spain’s and MS said that while this gap could close much further it was hard to see how Hungary CDS rates could trade below Spain. “Indeed, if Spain goes into serious financial trouble, it could represent a systemic risk for all Europe, and funding stress would likely increase substantially. Given the strong dependence of Hungary towards the EU, it would be difficult to argue for Hungary to trade through Spain on any sustained basis.”
- Ashmore Investment Management’s Jerome Booth restates his bullish case for emerging markets with 10 points that conclude with the line: “the best way to lose money without really trying is not to invest in emerging markets.” His points include warnings about equating past volatility with risk, passive investing (where he points out that only 12% of emerging debt is represented by available indices) and seeing emerging currency volatility against the dollar as an emerging problem rather than a U.S. one (“It is the dollar which is volatile”.)
- Legal & General Investment Managers’ Ben Bennett argues that central bank money printing will be needed for some time as banks’ bad loans are still way too high for them to be “in a position to drive the money printing presses once again”. Explaining QE as a nationalisation of money printing presses normally operated by the commercial banks, he says the success of either form of money creation can only be judged by the productive nature of use to which that money is put. The pre-crisis lending into the property bubble was negative case in point, and the relative success of QE lending to the banks will be even more complex to judge. “The investment lesson to be learnt is not to follow the money, but to analyse the usefulness of what it is being spent on.”
Three snapshots for Wednesday
Spanish house prices fell 7.2 percent in the first quarter from a year earlier while Spanish banks’ bad loans rose to their highest level since October 1994 (see chart).
The Bank of England is poised to turn off its money-printing press next month. Minutes of the Bank’s April meeting, combined with a stark warning on inflation from deputy governor Paul Tucker on the same day, signalled a sharp change in tone that could bring forward expectations for interest rate rises.
Does the E in PE need a reality check too?
Three snapshots for Wednesday
Markets starting to worry about an end to QE/LTRO liquidity?
Forward looking PMI data is starting to show a divergence between the UK and the euro zone:
German factory orders, which tend to lead GDP growth, fell 6.1% in February from the previous year.
End of LTRO = end of equity rally 2012?
This year’s global equity rally is unlikely to survive the end of the ECB’s liquidity injections, warns HSBC.
World stocks have jumped 10 percent since the start of 2012, emerging markets are up 15 percent and the index of top European stocks has gained 8 percent. These gains, HSBC says, are almost entirely down to the European Central Bank’s end-December refinancing operation, or LTRO, that injected $500 billion to ease banks’ liquidity worries. The tentative improvement in the U.S. and global growth picture along with beaten-down stock valuations added only limited ammunition to the rally, the bank says.
The findings of HSBC’s analysis? First, past episodes of quantitative easing — Japan in 2001-2004 and the United States, Britain and the euro zone after 2008 – provided a significant fillip to equity markets. U.S. stocks rose an average 6 percent, UK stocks by 8 percent and euro zone markets by 15 percent in the three months following the post-Lehman QE rounds, though in Japan the gains have been short-lived. Second, unexpected changes in monetary policy produced a larger impact on stock prices than the continuation of a previous policy.
And when QE stopped, the effect on stocks was immediately negative. HSBC found:
The periods when the Fed halted QE and allowed its balance sheet to shrink (in August 2009, June to October 2010 and July to October 2011) were all periods of weakness for the stock market.
The ECB is gearing up for another LTRO round in two weeks time. But it will not come as a surprise to markets and there are no plans for more.
HSBC concludes:
Emerging market local bond rally has more legs
Just a month and half into 2012, emerging local currency bonds have already returned 9 percent, one of best performing asset classes. But the rally has further to go, says J.P. Morgan which runs the most widely used emerging debt indices. The bank is now predicting its benchmark local currency debt index, the GBI-EM, to end the year with returns of 16 percent, upping its original expectation for 11.9 percent.
There are several reasons for this bullishnesss. JPM’s latest client survey reveals investors’ positioning is still neutral, meaning there is potential for more gains. Cash inflows to EM local debt have been dwarfed this year by investments into dollar bonds, considered a safer, albeit lower-yielding asset than locally issued bonds. So when (and if) euro zone uncertainties abate, some of this cash is likely to make the switch.
Many emerging countries are still cutting interest rates, which will push down yields on short-dated bonds. Other countries may tolerate some more currency appreciation to dampen inflation, benefiting the currency side of the EM local bond trade. Above all, with all developed central banks intent on quantitative easing (Japan announced a surprise $130 billion worth of extra QE this week), the yield premium offered by emerging markets — the carry — is irresistible. On average the GBI-EM index offers a 4.5 percent yield pick up on U.S. Treasuries, JPM notes:
From an EM perspective there is little reason to fight the rising tide of monetary policy support in the near term. Comparisons to the 2009 global carry trade are unavoidable given the scope of G-4 central bank balance sheet expansion.
So far, around 70 percent of the gains posted by the GBI-EM index have been down to currency appreciation (see here). That could change going forward as some central banks may act to slow FX appreciation. That’s already been happening in Brazil. Gains from the duration trade — derived from interest rate cuts — are also more or less done, analysts reckon, because emerging central banks are more likely from here to keep interest rates on hold than to cut. J.P. Morgan adds:
While we look for approximately 7 percent in additional returns in the GBI-EM for the remainder of the year, the majority of this is due to carry (5 percent) while spiot FX returns should be muted at 1.9 percent and duration returns flat.
Financial repression revisited
At a monetary policy event hosted by Fathom Consulting at the Reuters London office today, former Bank of England policymakers were discussing the pros and cons of “financial repression”.
Financial repression is a concept first introduced in the 1970s in the United States and is becoming a talking point again after the financial crisis, especially with a NBER paper last year written by economists Reinhart and Sbrancia reviving the debate.
In the paper, authors define financial repression as follows:
Historically, periods of high indebtedness have been associated with a rising incidence of default or restructuring of public and private debts. A subtle type of debt restructuring takes the form of “financial repression”.
Financial repression includes directed lending to government by captive domestic audiences (such as pension funds), explicit or implicit caps on interest rates, regulation of cross-border capital movements, and (generally) a tighter connection between government and banks.
Low nominal interest rates help reduce debt servicing costs while a high incidence of negative real interest rates liquidates or erodes the real
Bad economic data, please
Interesting twist at the moment – how are financial markets going to view not-so-bad or good data out of the United States in the run-up to the next Federal Reserve meeting.
Investors have been pricing in a chunky operation by the Fed to feed the markets with cheap cash – look at the gold, silver, the Australian dollar and the Canadian dollar. Bad data from the United States will keep investors confident of such Fed action and support the flows into high yielding assets.
But any data showing the pace of recovery in the world’s largest economy is not in such a bad shape. Investors will adjust their expectations and positions, causing a sell-off in equities, speculative-grade credit and high-yielding currencies.
Maybe bad data is what investors want over the next few weeks.
from Funds Hub:
Cazenove’s Russell eyes market turning point
Cazenove's Tim Russell, one of the UK's best-regarded fund managers, reckons cyclical stocks -- the winners in 2009 -- look expensive while defensives look cheap and says he may increase his bets.
He gives the examples of Kazakhmys and GlaxoSmithKline, which are both on roughly 10 times earnings. Whereas Glaxo has tended to report results ahead of forecasts in recent years, Kazakhmys has tended to disappoint, he says.
The miner's results are less dependable and very reliant on commodity prices, meaning it should be on a p/e of around 6 times, he thinks.
It's always tough to call a turning point and Russell admits he got last year wrong by being too cautious on cyclicals and thus making just 0.4 pct in 2009.
But the forthcoming end of quantitative easing and recent moves by China to tighten lending could be early signs that a change is likely to take place, he believes.
Russell may have lagged other long-short funds last year but he delivered a tidy 9.4 pct gain in 2008's turmoil, putting him ahead of the average manager over two years.
Is now the time to move out of cyclicals and into defensives?
from The Great Debate UK:
Is a bubble burbling in financial markets?
-Jane Foley is research director at Forex.com. The opinions expressed are her own.-
The discrediting of the efficient markets theory in the aftermath of the financial crisis appears to have been accompanied with growing support for the view that rather than efficient in nature, financial markets are predisposed towards the formation of bubbles.
A bubble can simply be defined as an occurrence that begins when the price of an asset has been driven significantly above it "fair" value. According to the efficient markets theory this would not happen.
If bubbles are a natural outcome of financial market activity it is relevant to ask whether the very loose fiscal and monetary policies of many central banks and governments are presently sowing the seeds of the next bubble.
Even though the real economies of the U.S., UK, Eurozone and Japan continue to be defined by expectations of rising unemployment and falling real wages, access to cheap money has already helped restore the profitability of many investment banks.
In turn, this has fed risk appetite which is evident in the rally in stocks since the spring, increased demand for "risky" currencies and a recovery in commodities prices. Brent oil has rallied by 128 percent from its 2009 low. The ability of oil to rally despite the existence of oil supplies well above the seasonal average suggests there is already speculative element in this market which could be in danger of driving prices above their fair value.
This week’s meetings of the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank have focussed attention not so much on rates, but on the extraordinary policy decisions taken by these central banks in the wake of the financial crisis and whether conditions are ripening in favour of a gradual withdrawal of some of these policies.
Jane, since you assert that the demand for crude was flat while the price was rising, a plausible explanation would be that the whole production curve has been elevated to compensate the loss in US$ value. I think that conditions for spotting a bubble formation stages should be investigated in correlation with the level of affordability for the end consumer. The housing bubble was predicted 2 years in advance, based on this kind of approach.
However, in repeated statements, Middle East suppliers were not shy spelling out that their comfort zone prices were between US$75 and US$80 when the barrel was hovering around US$60. In very short time, prices on the market have been elevated to a plateau of US$80, with no apparent changes in observable factors concurring in price formation. Therefore, what is the mechanism of translating a statement of desire into effective pricing in a market deemed free?
