At a time of record personal indebtedness, record bankruptcies, rising mortgage arrears and a string of hikes in the cost of borrowing, news of a boom in the savings market seems pretty remarkable. Since 2000, cash savings have soared at five times the rate of growth in unsecured debts — borrowings on credit cards and personal loans (in other words, debt excluding mortgages) — according to Alliance & Leicester (A&L).
But, look behind the headline figures of its “Changing Face of the Savings Market” report, and there emerges a very interesting picture.
On the positive side, the cash savings market has become increasingly competitive in recent years, with rates paid on the top accounts easily outstripping inflation. The rise of the Internet and price comparison Web sites have acted as a catalyst to this. Such sites, which allow people to compare financial products at the click of a mouse, have commercial tie-ups and, at times, vested interests in promoting one product over another. But, provided users are aware of this, these Web sits should be welcomed for their empowering effect on the consumer. “You don’t hear as much anymore about ‘lazy money’ - money sitting in poorly-paying accounts,” professor Merlin Stone, of Bristol Business School, tells Reuters.
Savers are becoming savvier, pumping their cash into high-interest instant-access accounts and tax-free savings products, and are becoming increasingly wary of locking it up unless the rewards are high. But this shift in the balance between risk and reward — inextricably linked whatever savings or investment product you consider — has also led to the recycling of money away from longer-term investment products. Pensions and other equity-based investments are the casualty of the growing attractiveness of cash savings, according to the A&L report. People are turning to cash savings to fund their retirement.
That is, at least a little, worrying. Any financial adviser will tell you that, although past performance is no guide to future returns, the stock market has, historically, yielded the best returns, far outstripping cash and other asset classes, such as property and bonds. The report, it should be noted, points to a long-term trend — a move towards liquid assets not simply owing to recent volatility in money markets and the resultant rise in cash savings rates. At a time of perceived financial uncertainty, when fears are mounting of a slowing property market, households tend to build cash balances. And they are likely to retreat even more into the “safety” of cash, with balances expected to top one trillion pounds by 2012. “Consumers don’t always behave hyper-rational,” says Stone. “When asset prices start to fall, the answer is to hold on. But people will take cash out (of their properties): they won’t trust property, investments or pensions.”
Even more worryingly, perhaps, is the growing divide between the haves and have-nots. While those with disposable income turn to the historically poorest-performing asset class to fund their retirement, there are scores of others with no scope to save at all. A growing tax burden, increases in the cost of living and the mounting financial load of buying a property and servicing a mortgage have put huge pressure on household finances. “The bad news is the structural issue around overall savings that’s been caused by political policy and can only be resolved if tax rates fall and people can save more,” says Stone. “The property market isn’t going to fall and make property affordable overnight. There might be some short-term relief, but it will always be a problem.” It’s unsurprising, then, that a quarter of Britons have no savings at all. Three-quarters of them say they simply cannot afford to save — in cash, pension pot or otherwise.