Melanie Bien, director, Savills Private Finance, is a guest commentator. The opinions expressed in this commentary are her own.

It is too early to say whether the latest bank rescue plan will have the desired effect of persuading the banks to start lending again. But it is a step in the right direction and we welcome it as a positive move as it may just remove the remaining stumbling blocks to getting the credit and mortgage markets functioning properly once more.
Clearly, something further had to be done. October’s £37bn bank recapitalisation did little to persuade banks to regain their appetite for lending. Credit continues to be difficult to come by – unless you have a large deposit or equity in your home and a clean credit history.

The latest bailout aims to guarantee lending and insure banks’ bad debts, such as sub-prime lending in the US. The idea is that banks won’t need to hold back vast sums in case of default on loans – something they have been doing until now. What is particularly encouraging is that this is a comprehensive package of measures which taken together is likely to have more of an impact on increasing new lending than addressing one area at a time.

The new £100bn mortgage guarantee scheme to underwrite lending between banks and financial institutions as recommended in Sir James Crosby’s report, is perhaps the most significant development. Before the credit crunch hit, the securitisation market was a key source of funding for the mortgage market, responsible for a third of all lending. This scheme should help rejuvenate the securitisation market, which has all but closed.

There is a danger that it may prove to be too restrictive, however, as only AAA-rated securities are covered.
Much also depends on how honest the banks are about their exposure to bad debt. A fee-based insurance scheme whereby the Treasury and banks will identify bad loans  or toxic debts that will ultimately be covered by the taxpayer should remove some of the blockages in the system that are preventing the flow of mortgage lending. But without an honest and open declaration of exposure by all the banks, it will be very difficult to draw a line under what has gone before and start afresh.

The extension to the £250bn credit guarantee scheme announced in October until the end of this year should also have a positive impact, allowing banks and building societies to roll over new debt, as should the new liquidity scheme to replace the Special Liquidity Scheme allowing banks to swap illiquid assets for gilts.

The change in strategy with Northern Rock is interesting. Instead of encouraging the lender to run down its business and shrink its mortgage book, the government has changed tack. The bank will now encourage existing customers to stay, presumably with more attractive reversion deals. It will also look to attract new borrowers – hopefully those purchasing, not just remortgaging, with more attractive rates.

We wait to see whether this package will have the desired effect and get banks lending again. Mortgages are already becoming cheaper but tend to be most readily available to the lowest-risk borrowers with significant deposits or equity in their homes. An increase in liquidity should encourage more lenders into the market and more competitive rates.

Here is a guide on what the pre-budget report means for personal taxation by accountancy firm BDO Stoy Hayward.

Income tax - changes to allowances and rates

The basic personal allowance for 2008/09 was increased above inflation from £5,225 to £6,035 as a one off measure to compensate for the loss of the 10 per cent starting tax rate.

For 2009/10 the personal allowance will be increased by £130 above inflation from £6,035 to £6,475. All other allowances, the income limit for age-allowances, the minimum amount of married couple’s allowance and the starting rate limit for savings will be increased in line with inflation.

For 2010/11, the basic personal allowance will be reduced in two stages as follows:

• where an individual’s gross income exceeds £100,000, the allowance will be reduced by £1 for every £2 of income above the limit up to a maximum of 50 per cent of the basic allowance
• where gross income exceeds a second limit of £140,000 the allowance will be  further reduced by £1 for every £2 of income above the limit up to a maximum of the full personal allowance.

There are no changes in respect of the basic and higher rates of tax for 2009/10 and 2010/11. These will remain at 20 per cent and 40 per cent respectively. The basic rate band limit will however be increased by £800 above inflation to £37,400 for 2009/10.

For 2011/12, a new 45 per cent rate will apply to taxable non-savings and savings income above £150,000. As a consequence of this change, a new rate of 37.5 per cent will apply to taxable dividend income above £150,000 thus introducing a third tax rate to be applied to dividends.

These changes will also apply to trusts where the trust rate and dividend trust rate will increase to 45 per cent and 37.5 per cent respectively from 6 April 2011.

How this affects you

By 2011/12, the Income Tax position for those earning less than £100,000 or more than £150,000 will be simple. Those earning less than £100,000 will have a full personal allowances and a top rate of 40 per cent. Those earning more than £150,000 will have no personal allowance and a top rate of 45 per cent. For those earning between these amounts the position will be complicated – the top rate of tax will be 40 per cent but the amount of personal allowance will vary.

Pension schemes

The maximum annual contribution limit will be frozen at £255,000 from 2010/11 to 2015/16.

The lifetime allowance will also be frozen at £1.8m from 2011/12 to 2015/16.

How this affects you

Taxpayers are advised to look at some planning. With careful planning, tax relievable contributions of up to £510,000 or more can be made in a single tax year. Therefore, higher earners may want to defer pension contributions until the higher rates apply after 5 April 2011.

Extension to list of qualifying ISA investments

Under existing ISA regulations, only securities issued by a UK or European Government or by a company which has a share capital can qualify as investments for a stocks and shares ISA.

From 16 December 2008 bonds issues by Multilateral Institutions can also qualify.

Multilateral Institutions are inter-government organisations usually involved in global development work – for example, UNICEF, World Health Organisation, African Development Fund.  Many such institutions issue bonds as part of their funding arrangements and extending the ISA regulations to include such bonds is part of the Government’s international poverty reduction agenda.

A full round-up of BDO Stoy Hayward’s pre-budget analysis can be found here

• You know exactly what the population of Iceland is and can also pronounce the name of its prime minister.
• Even the word ‘crisis’ seems to have lost its currency.
• Countries pop up for sale on eBay for 99p and get few offers.
• Posters on BBC messageboards stop discussing the undulating pitch of Robert Peston’s voice and listen to what he’s actually saying.
• The speech bubble on Page 3 of the Sun is given over to discussing the credit crisis.
• Financial market updates displace stories about Jade Goody on the tabloid front pages.
• Bad news stories from government departments are rushed out day after day and not even the Opposition seems to notice.
• Estate agents finally admit house prices have fallen but tell you now is a really great time to buy because the market is stabilising.
• People marketing get-rich-quick property seminars don’t get taken seriously any more.
• The Chancellor, writing in the Financial Times, says that “now, more than ever, we need new ideas”.
• Your primary school-aged children know that credit crunch is not a type of biscuit and that IMF isn’t just a fictional organisation in Mission Impossible.
• You go for a while without noticing one estate agent’s mini and then you see a whole bunch of them on the back of a car transporter.
• A pensioner on the evening tube train from Canary Wharf gives up her seat to a banker because she reckons he might need it.
• The Ivy rings to ask if you’d like a table tonight or any night.
• There are no spare trolleys when you turn up at Aldi to do your weekly shop.

Do you have any better suggestions? All contributions welcome - please send in your selection.

Here is a round-up of Tuesday’s headlines:

DAILY MAIL: Father of Four Taken to Court and Fined…Because he Overfilled his Wheelie-Bin by Just Four Inches

Bus driver Gareth Corkhill collected a conviction and a 210 pound fine after he declined to pay a council on-the-spot fine for leaving the lid of his wheelie bin ajar four inches. Story here.

THE TIMES: Judges Set to Deliver Fresh Blow on Terror

Gordon Brown was facing a new battle over key anti-terrorism laws this week with the High Court set to rule against powers to freeze suspects’ bank accounts, the paper said. Story here.

The Sun: Harry Meets His Hero

Prince Harry, who served in Afghanistan, is pictured smiling and relaxing with wounded soldiers recovering in the Forces rehab centre in Surrey. Story here.

The Independent: Can the Bank’s 50bn Pounds Save the Economy?

The newspaper’s Hamish McRae explains in a typical Independent comment-style front page that the Treasury and Bank of England’s line of credit may not be enough to keep the supply of mortgages flowing. Story here.

Daily Express: Miracle Surgery Lets the Blind See

The paper looks at how British doctors carried out pioneering surgery to restore the eyesight of two blind patients. Story here.

The Guardian: You’re Dragging Us to the Edge, Labour Rebels Warned

Gordon Brown moved to stop a potentially damaging backbench budget rebellion with a contrite address to Labour MPs and a promise to hold a review before the autumn on the impact of the abolition of the 10p tax rate. Story here.

The Financial Times: King Rules Out Return to Risky Mortgages

The paper quoted Bank of England governor Mervyn King insisting that the housing market will not see a return to the profligate mortgage lending practices of the past few years while he announced a massive operation to support liquidity in British banks. Story here.

Daily Mirror: Show Some Heart

Chancellor Alistair Darling was going to tell bank chiefs to go easy on families who fall behind with their mortgages, the paper said. Story here.

A little white lie never hurt anyone, right? Wrong: it could have serious financial implications for your future. A growing number of people are getting into financial difficulty at a younger age and are then telling lies on applications forms to obtain credit, insurance and other products, according to CIFAS, the UK’s fraud prevention service.

The number of application fraud cases filed on the CIFAS database increased from 62,000 in 2004 to 77,000 in 2007, an increase of more than 24 percent. In each of these cases, people told “material falsehoods” on application forms or supplied false or altered documents to support them. The lies most frequently told included trying to conceal a poor credit history or exaggerating the length of time resident at a particular address in the belief that stability increases creditworthiness.

Verification checks often unearth such “little white lies”. But there are also more serious ramifications. At the very least, having your application refused could, in itself, work against your credit score. “Lenders look at the number of searches conducted by consumers as part of the credit assessment process and a number of searches in a short space of time would impact on a consumer’s score,” says Neil Munroe, external affairs director at credit reference agency Equifax. “But more significantly, if a lender felt the information provided could be deemed as fraud and decided to prosecute, this would show on an individual’s credit file and could seriously affect their ability to get credit in the future.”

People who have missed payments on previous credit agreements are advised to explain these to any new potential lender. A “notice of correction” service run by credit reference agencies give the facility to provide an explanation of circumstances that might adversely affect your ability to obtain credit on your credit file. There are other ways, too, to try and improve your rating:

* Make sure you are registered on the Electoral Roll — this is an essential way for lenders to verify an applicant’s identity and prevent ID fraud;

* Be aware of searches on your credit file when shopping around and how it can affect your credit rating;

* Close old credit card accounts — even if they show a zero balance lenders will look at the potential credit available when assessing applications;

* Aim to pay off more than the minimum each month otherwise it could take years to pay off debts and you will incur huge amounts of interest;

* Set up Direct Debit payments for loan repayments to avoid costly late payment charges.

And above all exercise honesty. In this case, it really is the best policy.